Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Basic Certification Practice Exam

What is a critical sign to assess in patients with DKA?

1. Elevated blood pressure

2. Frequent vomiting

3. Rapid heartbeat

4. Dehydration

The correct answer is: Rapid heartbeat

In the context of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA), assessing a rapid heartbeat is crucial. DKA is a serious condition that occurs when the body starts breaking down fat at an excessive rate due to a lack of insulin. This process leads to the production of ketones, which can significantly affect the individual’s metabolism and present as various physiological signs. A rapid heartbeat, or tachycardia, is critically important to monitor because it can indicate several underlying issues. In the case of DKA, the body is often in a state of significant dehydration due to osmotic diuresis, where excess glucose in the urine pulls more water out of the body, leading to fluid loss and electrolyte imbalances. This fluid volume deficit can result in compensatory mechanisms, such as an increased heart rate, to maintain adequate circulation and promote blood flow to vital organs. Additionally, the presence of acidosis in DKA can affect cardiac function. The increase in acid levels can lead to arrhythmias, which can be life-threatening. Thus, a rapid heartbeat not only signals dehydration and compensatory mechanisms but also raises concerns about cardiovascular function and the potential for further complications. While dehydration, elevated blood pressure, and frequent vomiting may also be signs of DKA,