Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Basic Certification Practice Exam

What condition is characterized by the destruction of alveolar walls, impacting gas exchange?

1. Bronchitis

2. Asthma

3. Emphysema

4. Pneumothorax

The correct answer is: Emphysema

Emphysema is a condition that primarily involves the destruction of the alveolar walls in the lungs, leading to a significant decrease in the surface area available for gas exchange. As the alveoli are damaged, they lose their elasticity and ability to properly expand and contract, which impairs the individual’s ability to breathe effectively. This reduced surface area for gas exchange results in lower oxygen uptake and impaired carbon dioxide elimination, causing respiratory distress in affected individuals. In contrast, bronchitis is characterized by inflammation of the bronchial tubes, asthma involves airway constriction and inflammation triggered by external factors, and pneumothorax refers to the presence of air in the pleural space, which can also affect breathing but is a different mechanism entirely. Emphysema specifically relates to the structural changes in the alveoli, which is why it is the condition that aligns with the destruction of alveolar walls impacting gas exchange.