Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Basic Certification Practice Exam

What condition arises when pressure in the tissue space is too high for blood to flow?

1. Hypoxia

2. Compartment syndrome

3. Shock

4. Hemorrhage

The correct answer is: Compartment syndrome

Compartment syndrome occurs when the pressure within a closed muscle compartment rises to a level that reduces blood flow, preventing oxygen and nutrients from reaching the muscle and nerve tissues. This increased pressure can be caused by a variety of factors, including swelling from injury, tight bandaging, or bleeding within a compartment. The impaired blood flow can lead to muscle and nerve damage, making it critical for medical intervention. Recognizing compartment syndrome is essential for EMTs, as timely treatment can prevent irreversible damage and preserve limb function. In contrast, conditions like hypoxia relate to insufficient oxygen, shock involves inadequate blood flow to organs, and hemorrhage refers to excessive bleeding, each of which has distinct mechanisms and implications.